diff --git a/app/app.vue b/app/app.vue
index 0721146..51fad64 100644
--- a/app/app.vue
+++ b/app/app.vue
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const nuxtApp = useNuxtApp()
 
 const gameDataStore = useGameDataStore()
 const modalStore = useModalStore()
+const scrollStore = useScrollStore()
+
 const { youtube, handleResetYoutube } = modalStore
 const { setGameData } = gameDataStore
 const { gameData } = storeToRefs(gameDataStore)
@@ -112,12 +114,19 @@ if (serverGameData) {
   setupMetaData(serverGameData)
 }
 const { gtag, initialize } = useGtag()
-initialize(gameData.value.ga_code)
+initialize(gameData.value?.ga_code)
 gtag('event', 'screen_view', {
   app_name: 'My App',
-  screen_name: 'Home'
+  screen_name: 'Home',
 })
 
+onMounted(() => {
+  useEventListener('scroll', scrollStore.updateScrollValue)
+})
+
+onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+  removeEventListener('scroll', scrollStore.updateScrollValue)
+})
 </script>
 
 <template>
diff --git a/layers/assets/css/base/_theme.css b/layers/assets/css/base/_theme.css
index 20a7080..f10fc61 100644
--- a/layers/assets/css/base/_theme.css
+++ b/layers/assets/css/base/_theme.css
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
   --foreground-10: #ffffff;
 
   --foreground-reversal: #1f1f1f;
+  --foreground-reversal-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
+  --foreground-reversal-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
+  --foreground-reversal-8: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
   --foreground-reversal-10: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
   --foreground-reversal-30: #ebebeb; /* gray-80 */
-  --foreground-reversal-40: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
-  --foreground-reversal-70: #666666; /* gray-700 */
 }
 
 /* 다크 테마 색상 */
@@ -16,10 +17,11 @@
   --foreground-10: #292929;
 
   --foreground-reversal: #ebebeb;
+  --foreground-reversal-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
+  --foreground-reversal-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
+  --foreground-reversal-8: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
   --foreground-reversal-10: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
   --foreground-reversal-30: #404040; /* gray-750 */
-  --foreground-reversal-40: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
-  --foreground-reversal-70: #b2b2b2; /* gray-300 */
 }
 
 /* 커스텀 컴포넌트 스타일 */
diff --git a/layers/components/blocks/CardNews.vue b/layers/components/blocks/CardNews.vue
index 5130adf..6350292 100644
--- a/layers/components/blocks/CardNews.vue
+++ b/layers/components/blocks/CardNews.vue
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ const props = defineProps<Props>()
   @apply transition-transform duration-300 w-full h-full object-cover;
 }
 .card-overlay {
-  @apply absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 pt-[14px] px-[18px] pb-[16px] flex flex-col justify-end border-t border-white/10 bg-black/40 shadow-[0_-10px_10px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.25)] backdrop-blur-[25px] md:pt-[20px] md:px-[26px] md:pb-[26px];
+  @apply absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 pt-[14px] px-[18px] pb-[16px] flex flex-col justify-end border-t border-white/10 bg-black/40 shadow-[0_-10px_10px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.25)] backdrop-blur-[25px] md:pt-[20px] text-left md:px-[26px] md:pb-[26px];
 }
 .card-title {
   @apply text-[14px] leading-[20px] font-medium text-white md:text-lg md:leading-[26px];
diff --git a/layers/components/layouts/Header.vue b/layers/components/layouts/Header.vue
index 794cd1a..bb61d74 100644
--- a/layers/components/layouts/Header.vue
+++ b/layers/components/layouts/Header.vue
@@ -1,24 +1,75 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { useGameDataStore } from '#layers/stores/useGameDataStore'
-import type { GameDataValue, GameDataGnb } from '#layers/types/api/gameData'
+import { useScrollStore } from '#layers/stores/useScrollStore'
+import { useWindowScroll, onClickOutside } from '@vueuse/core'
+import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
+import type {
+  GameDataValue,
+  GameDataMenu,
+  GameDataMenuChildren,
+} from '#layers/types/api/gameData'
+
+const route = useRoute()
+const { y: windowY } = useWindowScroll()
+const scrollStore = useScrollStore()
+const { isPassedStoveGnb } = storeToRefs(scrollStore)
 
 const gameDataStore = useGameDataStore()
-
 const gameData = gameDataStore.gameData as GameDataValue
-const gnbList = gameData?.gnb?.menus as GameDataGnb['menus']
+const gnbList = (gameData?.gnb?.menus ?? []) as GameDataMenuChildren
+
+const isMenuOpen = ref(false)
+const contentNavRef = ref<HTMLElement>()
+
+const currentPath = computed(() => formatPathWithoutLocale(route.path))
+
+const pathMatches = (base: string, current: string) => {
+  if (!base || base === '/') return current === '/'
+  return current === base || current.startsWith(base + '/')
+}
+
+/** header overlay 높이 계산 (re-compute 최소화) */
+const scrollPositionPX = computed(() => {
+  const gnbHeight = scrollStore.stoveGnbHeight
+  const y = windowY.value
+  if (y === 0) return `${gnbHeight}px`
+  if (y >= gnbHeight) return '0px'
+  return `${gnbHeight - y}px`
+})
+
+/** 자식 중 활성 링크 존재 여부 */
+const hasActiveChild = (children?: GameDataMenuChildren) => {
+  const cur = currentPath.value
+  return formatToArray(children).some(child => {
+    if (!child?.url_path || !isInternalUrl(child.url_path)) return false
+    return pathMatches(formatPathWithoutLocale(child.url_path), cur)
+  })
+}
+
+/** 1Depth 활성화 여부 */
+const isNavItemActive = (gnbItem: GameDataMenu): boolean => {
+  const cur = currentPath.value
+  const base = gnbItem?.url_path
+  const selfActive =
+    !!base &&
+    isInternalUrl(base) &&
+    pathMatches(formatPathWithoutLocale(base), cur)
+  return selfActive || hasActiveChild(gnbItem.children)
+}
+
+const handleMenuOpen = () => (isMenuOpen.value = true)
+const handleMenuClose = () => (isMenuOpen.value = false)
+
+onClickOutside(contentNavRef, () => (isMenuOpen.value = false))
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <header
-    class="bg-theme-foreground text-theme-foreground-reversal relative z-50"
-  >
-    <BlocksStoveGnb />
-    <div
-      data-name="header-game"
-      class="px-[40px] h-16 flex items-center whitespace-nowrap"
-    >
+  <header class="header">
+    <BlocksStoveGnb class="min-h-[48px]" />
+
+    <div class="header-game" :class="{ 'game-fixed': isPassedStoveGnb }">
       <!-- 로고 -->
-      <div data-name="header-logo" class="mr-[40px]">
+      <div class="header-logo">
         <AtomsLocaleLink to="/brand">
           <img
             :src="gameData?.gnb?.bi_path"
@@ -27,70 +78,208 @@ const gnbList = gameData?.gnb?.menus as GameDataGnb['menus']
           />
         </AtomsLocaleLink>
       </div>
-
-      <!-- 메인 네비게이션 -->
-      <nav data-name="header-nav" class="flex items-center space-x-[32px]">
-        <template v-if="gnbList">
-          <div
-            v-for="(gnbItem, key) in gnbList"
-            :key="key"
-            class="relative group"
+      <button
+        class="btn-open"
+        aria-controls="site-menu"
+        :aria-expanded="isMenuOpen"
+        @click="handleMenuOpen"
+      >
+        <span class="sr-only">menu open</span>
+      </button>
+      <div
+        class="header-content"
+        :class="{ 'menu-open': isMenuOpen }"
+        :style="{ '--scroll-position': scrollPositionPX }"
+      >
+        <div id="site-menu" ref="contentNavRef" class="content-nav">
+          <button
+            class="btn-close"
+            aria-controls="site-menu"
+            :aria-expanded="isMenuOpen"
+            @click="handleMenuClose"
           >
-            <!-- Link 컴포넌트 사용 -->
-            <BlocksHybridLink
-              :to="gnbItem.url_path"
-              :target="gnbItem.link_target"
-              class="relative flex items-center h-[64px]"
-            >
-              {{ gnbItem.menu_name }}
-              <AtomsIconsArrowDown v-if="gnbItem.children" class="ml-1" />
-              <span
-                class="absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full h-2 border-b-2 border-transparent transition-border-color group-hover:border-theme-foreground-reversal group-active:border-theme-foreground-reversal-10"
+            <span class="sr-only">menu close</span>
+          </button>
+          <div class="nav-logo">
+            <AtomsLocaleLink to="/brand">
+              <img
+                :src="gameData?.gnb?.bi_path"
+                :alt="gameData?.game_name"
+                class="h-[30px]"
               />
-            </BlocksHybridLink>
-            <div
-              v-if="gnbItem.children"
-              class="absolute top-full left-[-28px] min-w-[190px] pt-[4px] pointer-events-none group-hover:pointer-events-auto"
-            >
-              <ul
-                class="bg-theme-foreground-10 rounded-[20px] shadow-lg opacity-0 invisible group-hover:opacity-100 group-hover:visible transition-all duration-200 z-50 p-3"
-              >
-                <li v-for="child in gnbItem.children" :key="child.menu_name">
-                  <!-- Link 컴포넌트 사용 -->
-                  <BlocksHybridLink
-                    :to="child.url_path"
-                    :target="child.link_target"
-                    class="flex items-center px-4 py-[9px] rounded-[12px] transition-background hover:bg-theme-foreground-reversal-40 active:bg-theme-foreground-reversal-70"
-                  >
-                    {{ child.menu_name }}
-                    <AtomsIconsLinkOut
-                      v-if="child.link_target === '_blank'"
-                      class="ml-1"
-                    />
-                  </BlocksHybridLink>
-                </li>
-              </ul>
-            </div>
+            </AtomsLocaleLink>
           </div>
-        </template>
+          <nav class="nav-main">
+            <div v-if="gnbList" class="main-official">
+              <div
+                v-for="(gnbItem, key) in gnbList"
+                :key="key"
+                class="nav-item"
+              >
+                <BlocksHybridLink
+                  :to="gnbItem.url_path"
+                  :target="gnbItem.link_target"
+                  :class="`item-1depth ${isNavItemActive(gnbItem) ? 'active' : ''}`"
+                >
+                  <span>{{ gnbItem.menu_name }}</span>
+                  <AtomsIconsArrowDown v-if="gnbItem.children" />
+                </BlocksHybridLink>
 
-        <!-- 구분선 -->
-        <div class="w-px h-4 bg-theme-foreground-reversal-30" />
-
-        <!-- 이벤트 -->
-        <a href="#" class="flex items-center space-x-[3px] text-gradient-pink">
-          <AtomsIconsStar />
-          <span>이벤트</span>
-          <AtomsIconsStar />
-        </a>
-      </nav>
-
-      <!-- 오른쪽 영역 -->
-      <div data-name="header-right" class="ml-auto">
-        <div class="relative group">
-          <AtomsButton size="small">게임 시작</AtomsButton>
+                <div v-if="gnbItem.children" class="item-2depth">
+                  <ul>
+                    <li
+                      v-for="child in gnbItem.children"
+                      :key="child.menu_name"
+                    >
+                      <BlocksHybridLink
+                        :to="child.url_path"
+                        :target="child.link_target"
+                      >
+                        <span>{{ child.menu_name }}</span>
+                        <AtomsIconsLinkOut
+                          v-if="child.link_target === '_blank'"
+                        />
+                      </BlocksHybridLink>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="main-event">
+              <a href="#" class="item-1depth text-gradient-pink">
+                <AtomsIconsStar />
+                <span>이벤트</span>
+                <AtomsIconsStar />
+              </a>
+            </div>
+          </nav>
+          <div class="btn-start">
+            <AtomsButton size="small" class="w-full md:w-auto">
+              게임 시작
+            </AtomsButton>
+          </div>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
   </header>
 </template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.header {
+  @apply bg-theme-foreground text-theme-foreground-reversal relative z-50;
+}
+.header-game {
+  @apply absolute flex w-full h-[48px] items-center whitespace-nowrap px-[64px] bg-theme-foreground md:h-16 md:px-[40px]
+  before:content-[''] before:absolute before:top-0 before:left-0 before:right-0 before:h-px before:bg-theme-foreground-reversal-6;
+}
+.game-fixed {
+  @apply fixed top-0 left-0;
+}
+.header-logo {
+  @apply mx-auto shrink-0 md:mx-0;
+}
+
+.btn-open,
+.btn-close {
+  @apply absolute w-[40px] h-[40px] md:hidden bg-[red];
+}
+.btn-open {
+  @apply top-[4px] left-[12px];
+}
+.btn-close {
+  @apply top-[11px] left-[12px];
+}
+.btn-start {
+  @apply relative mt-2 px-5 md:ml-auto md:mt-0 md:px-0;
+}
+
+.header-content {
+  @apply overflow-hidden absolute top-0 left-0 w-0 md:overflow-visible md:static md:w-full md:h-full;
+  height: calc(100vh - var(--scroll-position));
+}
+.header-content.menu-open {
+  @apply w-full;
+}
+.header-content.menu-open::before {
+  @apply content-[''] absolute inset-0 w-[100vw] h-full bg-[rgba(0,0,0,0.6)] md:hidden;
+}
+.header-content.menu-open .content-nav {
+  @apply relative h-full translate-x-0 transition-transform duration-300 md:translate-x-0;
+}
+
+.content-nav {
+  @apply relative flex flex-col w-[360px] bg-theme-foreground-10 translate-x-[-100%]
+  md:flex-row md:w-full md:items-center md:h-full md:bg-transparent md:translate-x-0;
+}
+
+.nav-main {
+  @apply overflow-hidden flex flex-col order-1 h-full mt-2 mb-4 px-2
+  md:overflow-visible md:flex-row md:order-none md:h-full md:my-0 md:mx-10 md:px-0;
+}
+.main-official {
+  @apply overflow-y-auto pb-2 md:overflow-visible md:flex md:items-center md:space-x-8 md:pb-0;
+}
+
+.main-event {
+  @apply relative flex flex-col mb-2 md:flex-row md:mb-0 md:ml-16;
+}
+.main-event::before {
+  @apply content-[''] hidden absolute top-[23px] left-[-32px] w-px h-4 bg-theme-foreground-reversal-30 md:block;
+}
+.main-event::after {
+  @apply order-[-1] content-[''] h-px mb-2 mx-3 bg-theme-foreground-reversal-8
+  md:mb-0 md:mx-0 md:absolute md:bottom-0 md:left-0 md:w-full md:h-[2px] md:bg-theme-foreground-reversal md:opacity-0;
+}
+.main-event:hover::after {
+  @apply opacity-100;
+}
+
+.nav-logo {
+  @apply flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 h-[62px] md:hidden;
+}
+
+.nav-item {
+  @apply relative flex flex-col text-[16px] md:items-center md:h-full;
+}
+.nav-item:last-of-type::after {
+  @apply hidden;
+}
+.nav-item::after {
+  @apply content-[''] h-px my-2 mx-3 bg-theme-foreground-reversal-8 md:hidden;
+}
+.nav-item:hover .item-1depth::after,
+.item-1depth.active::after {
+  @apply opacity-100 md:transition-opacity;
+}
+.nav-item:hover .item-2depth {
+  @apply md:opacity-100 md:visible md:pointer-events-auto md:transition-opacity md:duration-200;
+}
+
+.item-1depth {
+  @apply flex items-center py-[9px] px-3 gap-1 rounded-[12px] md:h-full md:py-0 md:px-0;
+}
+.item-1depth::after {
+  @apply md:content-[''] md:absolute md:bottom-0 md:left-0 md:w-full md:h-[2px] md:bg-theme-foreground-reversal md:opacity-0;
+}
+.item-1depth.active {
+  @apply bg-theme-foreground-reversal-8 md:bg-transparent;
+}
+
+.item-2depth {
+  @apply block text-[15px] md:opacity-0 md:absolute md:top-full md:left-[-28px] md:min-w-[190px] md:pt-1 md:pointer-events-none;
+}
+.item-2depth ul {
+  @apply bg-theme-foreground-10 rounded-[20px] md:shadow-lg md:p-3;
+}
+.item-2depth a {
+  @apply flex items-center gap-1 px-5 py-[9px] rounded-[12px] transition-colors
+  hover:bg-theme-foreground-reversal-4 active:bg-theme-foreground-reversal-10
+  md:px-4 md:py-[11px];
+}
+
+@media (min-width: 1024px) {
+  .header-content {
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/layers/components/layouts/Main.vue b/layers/components/layouts/Main.vue
index 72f5a4b..b7f9999 100644
--- a/layers/components/layouts/Main.vue
+++ b/layers/components/layouts/Main.vue
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ watchEffect(() => {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <main>
+  <main class="main">
     <template
       v-for="(template, index) in visibleTemplates"
       :key="template.template_code ?? index"
@@ -70,3 +70,9 @@ watchEffect(() => {
     </template>
   </main>
 </template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.main {
+  @apply pt-[48px] md:pt-[64px];
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/layers/stores/useScrollStore.ts b/layers/stores/useScrollStore.ts
index e1dcabe..2781515 100644
--- a/layers/stores/useScrollStore.ts
+++ b/layers/stores/useScrollStore.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useWindowScroll } from '@vueuse/core'
 export const useScrollStore = defineStore('scrollStore', () => {
   const { x: windowX, y: windowY } = useWindowScroll({ behavior: 'smooth' })
 
-  const stoveGnbHeight = 48
+  const stoveGnbHeight = 48 as number
   const scrollXValue = ref('0px')
   const isPassedStoveGnb = ref(false)
 
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export const useScrollStore = defineStore('scrollStore', () => {
   }
 
   return {
+    stoveGnbHeight,
     scrollXValue,
     isPassedStoveGnb,
 
diff --git a/layers/templates/GrVisual02/index.vue b/layers/templates/GrVisual02/index.vue
index 6c76e19..8c4a4ea 100644
--- a/layers/templates/GrVisual02/index.vue
+++ b/layers/templates/GrVisual02/index.vue
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ const { data: resourcesData } = await useLazyAsyncData(
   }
 )
 
-// 배너 리스트 데이터 추출
 const slideData = computed(() => {
   const operateComponents = resourcesData.value?.operate_components
 
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ const slideItemSize = {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <section class="pt-[140px] pb-[80px] md:pt-[200px] md:pb-[120px]">
+  <section class="relative pt-[140px] pb-[80px] md:pt-[200px] md:pb-[120px]">
     <WidgetsBackground
       v-if="backgroundData"
       :resources-data="backgroundData"
@@ -108,15 +107,16 @@ const slideItemSize = {
         class="mt-[48px] md:mt-[72px]"
       />
       <BlocksSlideCenterHighlight
+        v-if="slideData"
         :slide-item-size="slideItemSize"
-        :slide-item-length="slideData.length"
+        :slide-item-length="slideData?.length"
         :pagination="false"
         class="mt-[36px] md:mt-[60px]"
       >
         <SplideSlide v-for="(item, index) in slideData" :key="index">
           <BlocksCardNews
             :title="item.title"
-            :description="item.option01"
+            :description="formatTimestamp(item.reg_dt, 'YYYY.MM.DD')"
             :img-path="getResolvedHost(item.img_path)"
             :url="item.url"
             :link-target="item.link_target"
diff --git a/layers/types/api/gameData.ts b/layers/types/api/gameData.ts
index f0d6878..9074f2f 100644
--- a/layers/types/api/gameData.ts
+++ b/layers/types/api/gameData.ts
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ export interface GameDataButton {
   button: string // JSON 문자열로 변경
 }
 
+export type GameDataMenuChildren = Record<string, GameDataMenu>
+
 // 메뉴 타입
 export interface GameDataMenu {
   path_code: string
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ export interface GameDataMenu {
   click_action_type: number
   url_path: string
   link_target: string
-  children: Record<string, GameDataMenu> // 중첩 메뉴를 위한 children 속성 추가
+  children: GameDataMenuChildren
   tracking: string | GameDataTracking // JSON 문자열 또는 객체로 변경
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ export interface GameDataGnb {
   bi_path: string
   lang_codes: string // JSON 문자열로 변경
   buttons: GameDataButton[]
-  menus: Record<string, GameDataMenu> // 동적 객체로 변경
+  menus: GameDataMenuChildren
 }
 
 // 인트로 타입
diff --git a/layers/types/api/resourcesData.ts b/layers/types/api/resourcesData.ts
index b0b9b0b..633cfd7 100644
--- a/layers/types/api/resourcesData.ts
+++ b/layers/types/api/resourcesData.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export interface ListOperateGroupItem {
   url: string
   link_target: string
   display_status: number
+  reg_dt?: number
   option01: number
   option02: number
   option03: string
diff --git a/layers/utils/apiUtil.ts b/layers/utils/apiUtil.ts
index 4687d61..6c7f68d 100644
--- a/layers/utils/apiUtil.ts
+++ b/layers/utils/apiUtil.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * API 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description API 호출에 필요한 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
+
 import type {
   HttpMethod,
   FetchOptions,
diff --git a/layers/utils/dataUtil.ts b/layers/utils/dataUtil.ts
index 0179fc1..7eee753 100644
--- a/layers/utils/dataUtil.ts
+++ b/layers/utils/dataUtil.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * 데이터 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description gameData, pageData 처리에 필요한 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
+
 import type {
   PageDataValue,
   PageDataComponent,
@@ -63,3 +68,13 @@ export const getComponentGroupAry = (source: any, componentName: string) => {
 
   return source[componentName]?.groups || []
 }
+
+/**
+ * 현재 시간의 타임스탬프를 반환합니다.
+ * @param unit 단위 ('ms' | 's') - 밀리초 또는 초
+ * @returns 타임스탬프
+ */
+export const getCurrentTimestamp = (unit: 'ms' | 's' = 'ms'): number => {
+  const now = Date.now()
+  return unit === 's' ? Math.floor(now / 1000) : now
+}
diff --git a/layers/utils/formatUtil.ts b/layers/utils/formatUtil.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..991668d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/layers/utils/formatUtil.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/**
+ * 포맷 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description 포맷 처리에 필요한 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * JWT 디코딩
+ * @param base64EncodeVal JWT 인코딩 값
+ * @returns JWT 디코딩 값
+ */
+export const csrFormatJWT = (base64EncodeVal: string) => {
+  const decodeVal = JSON.parse(
+    decodeURIComponent(
+      window
+        .atob(base64EncodeVal)
+        .split('')
+        .map(function (c) {
+          return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2)
+        })
+        .join('')
+    )
+  )
+
+  return decodeVal
+}
+
+/**
+ * 타임스탬프를 다양한 날짜 형식으로 변환합니다.
+ * @param timestamp 타임스탬프 (밀리초 또는 초)
+ * @param format 날짜 형식 ('YYYY-MM-DD', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss', 'MM/DD/YYYY', 'YYYY년 MM월 DD일' 등)
+ * @param locale 로케일 (기본값: 'ko-KR')
+ * @returns 포맷된 날짜 문자열
+ */
+export const formatTimestamp = (
+  timestamp: number | string,
+  format: string = 'YYYY.MM.DD',
+  _locale: string = 'ko-KR'
+): string => {
+  if (!timestamp) return ''
+
+  // 타임스탬프를 숫자로 변환
+  let ts = typeof timestamp === 'string' ? parseInt(timestamp) : timestamp
+
+  // 초 단위인 경우 밀리초로 변환
+  if (ts < 10000000000) {
+    ts = ts * 1000
+  }
+
+  const date = new Date(ts)
+
+  // 유효하지 않은 날짜인 경우 빈 문자열 반환
+  if (isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  // 미리 정의된 형식들
+  const predefinedFormats: Record<string, string> = {
+    'YYYY.MM.DD': date.toISOString().split('T')[0].replace(/-/g, '.'),
+    'YYYY-MM-DD': date.toISOString().split('T')[0],
+    'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm': date.toISOString().replace('T', ' ').substring(0, 16),
+    'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss': date.toISOString().replace('T', ' ').split('.')[0],
+    'MM/DD/YYYY': date.toLocaleDateString('en-US'),
+    'DD/MM/YYYY': date.toLocaleDateString('en-GB'),
+    'YYYY년 MM월 DD일': date.toLocaleDateString('ko-KR', {
+      year: 'numeric',
+      month: 'long',
+      day: 'numeric',
+    }),
+    'MM월 DD일': date.toLocaleDateString('ko-KR', {
+      month: 'long',
+      day: 'numeric',
+    }),
+  }
+
+  // 미리 정의된 형식이 있으면 사용
+  if (predefinedFormats[format]) {
+    return predefinedFormats[format]
+  }
+
+  // 커스텀 형식 처리
+  const year = date.getFullYear()
+  const month = String(date.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')
+  const day = String(date.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const hours = String(date.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const minutes = String(date.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const seconds = String(date.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0')
+
+  return format
+    .replace('YYYY', String(year))
+    .replace('MM', month)
+    .replace('DD', day)
+    .replace('HH', hours)
+    .replace('mm', minutes)
+    .replace('ss', seconds)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 타임스탬프를 상대적 시간으로 변환합니다 (예: "3일 전", "2시간 전")
+ * @param timestamp 타임스탬프 (밀리초 또는 초)
+ * @param locale 로케일 (기본값: 'ko-KR')
+ * @returns 상대적 시간 문자열
+ */
+export const formatRelativeTime = (
+  timestamp: number | string,
+  locale: string = 'ko-KR'
+): string => {
+  if (!timestamp) return ''
+
+  let ts = typeof timestamp === 'string' ? parseInt(timestamp) : timestamp
+  if (ts < 10000000000) {
+    ts = ts * 1000
+  }
+
+  const date = new Date(ts)
+  const now = new Date()
+  const diffInSeconds = Math.floor((now.getTime() - date.getTime()) / 1000)
+
+  if (diffInSeconds < 60) {
+    return locale === 'ko-KR' ? '방금 전' : 'just now'
+  }
+
+  const diffInMinutes = Math.floor(diffInSeconds / 60)
+  if (diffInMinutes < 60) {
+    return locale === 'ko-KR'
+      ? `${diffInMinutes}분 전`
+      : `${diffInMinutes} minutes ago`
+  }
+
+  const diffInHours = Math.floor(diffInMinutes / 60)
+  if (diffInHours < 24) {
+    return locale === 'ko-KR'
+      ? `${diffInHours}시간 전`
+      : `${diffInHours} hours ago`
+  }
+
+  const diffInDays = Math.floor(diffInHours / 24)
+  if (diffInDays < 30) {
+    return locale === 'ko-KR' ? `${diffInDays}일 전` : `${diffInDays} days ago`
+  }
+
+  const diffInMonths = Math.floor(diffInDays / 30)
+  if (diffInMonths < 12) {
+    return locale === 'ko-KR'
+      ? `${diffInMonths}개월 전`
+      : `${diffInMonths} months ago`
+  }
+
+  const diffInYears = Math.floor(diffInMonths / 12)
+  return locale === 'ko-KR' ? `${diffInYears}년 전` : `${diffInYears} years ago`
+}
+
+/**
+ * 배열 또는 객체를 배열로 변환합니다.
+ * @param value 변환할 값 (배열, 객체, 또는 undefined/null)
+ * @returns 배열
+ */
+export const formatToArray = <T>(
+  value: T[] | Record<string, T> | undefined | null
+): T[] => {
+  if (!value) return []
+  return Array.isArray(value) ? value : Object.values(value)
+}
+
+/**
+ * URL 경로에서 로케일 접두사를 제거합니다.
+ * @param path 경로 문자열
+ * @returns 로케일 접두사가 제거된 경로
+ */
+export const formatPathWithoutLocale = (path: string): string => {
+  return path.replace(/^\/[a-z]{2}(?=\/|$)/, '') || '/'
+}
+
+/**
+ * URL이 내부 링크인지 확인합니다.
+ * @param url 확인할 URL
+ * @returns 내부 링크 여부
+ */
+export const isInternalUrl = (url?: string): boolean => {
+  return !!url && !url.startsWith('http')
+}
diff --git a/layers/utils/jwtUtil.ts b/layers/utils/jwtUtil.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c455d08..0000000
--- a/layers/utils/jwtUtil.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-export const csrDecodedJWT = (base64EncodeVal: string) => {
-  const decodeVal = JSON.parse(
-    decodeURIComponent(
-      window
-        .atob(base64EncodeVal)
-        .split('')
-        .map(function (c) {
-          return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2)
-        })
-        .join('')
-    )
-  )
-
-  return decodeVal
-}
diff --git a/layers/utils/stoveUtil.ts b/layers/utils/stoveUtil.ts
index f4c2d0a..ed593a1 100644
--- a/layers/utils/stoveUtil.ts
+++ b/layers/utils/stoveUtil.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { csrDecodedJWT } from '#layers/utils/jwtUtil'
+/**
+ * Stove 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description Stove 관련 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
+
+import { csrFormatJWT } from '#layers/utils/formatUtil'
 
 /**
  * Stove 로그인
@@ -25,7 +30,7 @@ export const csrGetStoveMemberNo = () => {
 
     if (suat.value && suat.value !== '') {
       const base64Payload = suat.value?.split('.')[1] ?? ''
-      const decodeVal = csrDecodedJWT(base64Payload)
+      const decodeVal = csrFormatJWT(base64Payload)
       memberNo = Number(`${decodeVal.member_no}`) || 0
     } else {
       memberNo = 0
diff --git a/layers/utils/styleUtil.ts b/layers/utils/styleUtil.ts
index 74a91cc..9e795fa 100644
--- a/layers/utils/styleUtil.ts
+++ b/layers/utils/styleUtil.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * 스타일 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description 스타일 처리에 필요한 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
+
 import type { PageDataResourceGroupResPath } from '#layers/types/api/pageData'
 
 /**
diff --git a/layers/utils/youtube.ts b/layers/utils/youtube.ts
index d73b40c..93730a8 100644
--- a/layers/utils/youtube.ts
+++ b/layers/utils/youtube.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-// ============================================================================
-// 유튜브 관련 유틸리티
-// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * 유튜브 유틸리티 함수
+ * @description 유튜브 관련 유틸리티 함수를 제공합니다.
+ */
 
 /**
  * 유튜브 URL에서 비디오 ID를 추출합니다.
diff --git a/tailwind.config.ts b/tailwind.config.ts
index cb44fdc..1a14f3b 100644
--- a/tailwind.config.ts
+++ b/tailwind.config.ts
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ export default {
         'theme-foreground-10': 'var(--foreground-10)',
 
         'theme-foreground-reversal': 'var(--foreground-reversal)',
+        'theme-foreground-reversal-4': 'var(--foreground-reversal-4)',
+        'theme-foreground-reversal-6': 'var(--foreground-reversal-6)',
+        'theme-foreground-reversal-8': 'var(--foreground-reversal-8)',
         'theme-foreground-reversal-10': 'var(--foreground-reversal-10)',
         'theme-foreground-reversal-30': 'var(--foreground-reversal-30)',
-        'theme-foreground-reversal-40': 'var(--foreground-reversal-40)',
-        'theme-foreground-reversal-70': 'var(--foreground-reversal-70)',
       },
     },
   },